Vatican City is a landlocked sovereign city-state whose territory consists of a walled enclave within the city of Rome. It has an area of approximately 44 hectares and with a population of around 800, it is the smallest independent state in the world by both population and area. Vatican City is a city-state. It came into existence in 1929. It is thus clearly distinct from the central authority of the Roman Catholic Church. Ordinances of Vatican City are published in language Italian

The Lateran Treaty in 1929 brought the city-state into existence. Vatican City is a non-hereditary elected monarchy which is ruled by the Bishop of Rome - the Pope. The highest state functionaries in Vatican City are all clergymen of the Catholic Church. Apostolic Palace, which is the residence of Pope, is located here. The economy is non-commercial and is supported by Catholics throughout the world.